Display Digital

LED Dot Matrix

An LED dot matrix is a grid of LEDs arranged in rows and columns for simple icons, patterns, letters, and animations.

Part images

LED dot matrix. A grid display for simple pixel graphics. Image source: SunFounder Pico 2 W Starter Kit documentation, Components section, © 2026 SunFounder.
788BS external view. External view and pin numbering reference. Image source: SunFounder Pico 2 W Starter Kit documentation, Components section, © 2026 SunFounder.
788BS internal structure. Rows and columns share LED connections inside the package. Image source: SunFounder Pico 2 W Starter Kit documentation, Components section, © 2026 SunFounder.

What it is

An LED dot matrix is a grid of LEDs arranged in rows and columns for simple icons, patterns, letters, and animations.

How students use it

Students scan rows and columns rapidly, often using two 74HC595 chips to control the matrix with fewer Pico pins.

Pins and power

Pins 1-16 map to ROW and COL lines. SunFounder lists COL pins 13, 3, 4, 10, 6, 11, 15, 16 and ROW pins 9, 14, 8, 12, 1, 7, 2, 5.

The kit uses a CA dot matrix labeled 788BS. Current limiting and scan timing are required.

SunFounder states this kit uses a common-anode 788BS matrix. For the top-left LED, set ROW 1 high and COL 1 low; for common cathode the logic is opposite.

Voltage and safety

The matrix can light many LEDs, so current-limiting and duty cycle matter.

Avoid static all-on patterns without current planning.

Module internals

Main component: 788BS common-anode LED dot matrix, identified by SunFounder.

An 8x8 grid of LED junctions sharing row and column lines. SunFounder examples use two 74HC595 chips: one for rows and one for columns.

Datasheet notes

The visible part marking is 788BS per SunFounder. Verify the matrix label and common-anode/common-cathode type before using any generic dot-matrix datasheet.

Common libraries

No special library is required for the raw matrix; students usually write row/column scan code using GPIO or 74HC595 helper functions.

Common mistakes

Using common-cathode logic on the common-anode 788BS, rotating the pin numbering, scanning too slowly, and forgetting current limits when many pixels appear lit.